Tuesday, December 31, 2019

The Dispute Regarding African History From African and...

Currently in the XXI century, several researchers are still trying to study and discover more about the history of Africa, which is a huge continent with historical, cultural, linguistic, racial and geographical diversity. However the methods used to discover the history of a continent varies among European or African historians. Such researchers have different ways of seeing what really proves the history of the people, if the best way is by vivid history, archaeological, written or oral records. Due to the different point of view of European nation, that prefer to believe in concrete materials for study like written sources, arises the doubt whether Africa actually had real history is the past and not just after the colonization by them, when the population was ‘’educated’’ in European models and started to make written registration of their history. A further study about Africa can reveal all its cultural and historical richness. Their knowledge about land management, the discovery of agriculture in the Sahara desert 5000b.c, the development of livestock in regions of southern Africa as in Kenya(1). In addition the north of Africa is been considered the oldest region of the earth. Charles Darwin studies about the human evolution and archaeological sources shows that this region was probably the first one where Homo sapiens appeared(1). Detailed studies about African history can brings the knowledge about the development of the north Africa and how the islamism in regions

Monday, December 23, 2019

The International Women s Media Foundation - 1500 Words

COPING SKILLS Due to the interest participants had in participating in sports, they found a way of coping with stereotypes. An example is given by Adams and Pamela (2003) who have postulated that cheerleading gives an opportunity for participants to reconstruct femininity in a way not to challenge the dominant ideas of the roles and expectations. This they did, by adjusting themselves to suit the evolving ideas of what it means to be a woman in the societal or cultural context. Also, there has been an improvement over time with the level of acceptance of gay athletes. For example, unlike in 2002, gay athletes in 2010 had better experiences because youth in their society accepted of their forms of masculinity (Anderson 2011; Adams and†¦show more content†¦In analysing the sports media, feminist have maintained that there is a disproportionate media coverage in the male dominated and controlled media space (Scranton and Flintoff 2002:40) resulting in a negligible amount of air time alloca ted to women sports (Duncan and Cynthia 2002:83). For example, men’s sports received 92% of the air time, women’s sports 5%, and gender neutral topics 3% of media coverage (Duncan 2005). Further, gender was used for both graphic and visual marking of women by the media, attaching women to a team and not doing same for men. For example Women’s Basketball and Basketball Association (WNBA) representing the women’s team and (NBA) Basketball and Basketball Association representing the men’s team (Duncan 2005). GENDER DIFFERNCES AND ITS IMPACT IN SPORTS CHALLENGES Sports policy like other social policies, is a site that on regular bases struggles over resources, status and identity, issues. Policy makers are challenged with how to properly distribute and allocate resources (both physical and granting legitimacy and status), and how to justify to participants interested in the resources that the decisions taken in relation to them are the best ones (Piggin 2013). In terms of emancipation, women’s rights have been viewed from the perspective of equality and also from the viewpoint of differences which often overlap and interact (Bock and James 1992:52).

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Mm Litteruture Free Essays

To Celia is a love poem with a simple four line rhyme scheme (abcbabcb), written in first person. The over all tone of the poem is dreamy, optimistic, persistent, and gullibly innocent. The rhythm is smooth, and pensive, and seems to fall into an iambic pentameter. We will write a custom essay sample on Mm Litteruture or any similar topic only for you Order Now The poem gives the reader an intimate sense of this man’s love, and obsession for the woman of his desire, Celia. I interpreted this poem as having a theme of lost love. I imagined that Celia is his ex-lover, he still is in love with her, and wants her to come back to him.In the first stanza, the strong feelings he has for her are expressed metaphorically by comparing his love to drinking wine, and Jove’s Nectar, an elixir for immortality. He is intoxicated by her, and can’t live without her. In the first line â€Å"Drink to me, only with thine eyes And I will pledge with mine†, he is asking Celia to look at him with her eyes, and tell him she still loves him, he will in turn promise himself to her. â€Å"Or leave a kiss but in the cup And I’ll not look for wine† meaning If that is too much to ask, at least show him in some way that she still cares for him, and that will as least satisfy him. The thirst that from the soul doth rise Doth ask a drink divine†, the desire and love he has for her is burning deep inside of him, and he needs her. â€Å"But might I of Jove’s nectar sup I would not change for thine†, meaning he cannot live without her. If he were given the gift of immortality, he would not take it just to be with her. A wreath is a symbol of eternity, in the second stanza, he expresses eternal love for her by metaphorically comparing it to the rosy wreath. I believe the wreath also may represent an apology.In the first line of the second stanza, â€Å"I sent thee late a rosy wreath Not so much honoring thee†, I believe he is talking about the mistakes he made. He used the word late, implying that he was too late showing her his eternal love for her, and is now not able to have her, honoring being another word for having. â€Å"As giving it a hope that there It could not withered be†, he is telling her he loves her hoping their love is not lost. â€Å"But thou thereon didst only breath And sent’st it back to me†, she doesn’t want to listen to him anymore, takes a deep breath or sigh, and does not accept his apology. Since, when it grows and smells, I swear, Not of itself but thee†, No matter what happens, I will always love you, and a piece of you will always be with me. Some techniques used in this poem are Alliteration, the use of metaphors, personification, irony, hyperbole, and possibly allegory. Alliteration can be identified in this poem by the words that are stressed such as (highlighted in green above) in the first stanza, stresses are placed on Drink, cup, kiss, and divine. Metaphors were used to describe his love for Celia, such as drinking the wine, the elixir of eternal life, and the rosy wreath. Personification is used in personifying Celia’s eyes, as if they could speak, and the thirst takes on a human quality of rising, and asking for a drink. I thought irony was present when Celia sent the wreath back, or denied his apology. The man disregarded this action, and continued with his protest of love for her. I think hyperbole was used a lot in this poem. For example the entire poem seems to be a hyperbole. It is extremely exaggerated, and in particular, the lines â€Å"But might I of Jove’s nectar sup I would not change for thine†, and â€Å"Since, when it grows and smells, I swear, Not of itself but thee. The images are unrealistic, and cannot be taken literally. I thought allegory can be identified in this poem, because if you read through the poem once, you may just interpret a man courting a woman, and the woman literally returning his gift to him, not acknowledging him. However I felt that these two people were at once very close. They loved each other, and the man did something that caused them to break up. He still is madly in love with her, and would do anything to get her back. He apologizes to her, but it is not enough.The literal meaning is obvious, but the symbolic meaning of the poets word choices lead to my interpretation. I believe three main important concepts that influence the entire poems message would be word choice, tone, and symbols. Word choice is important in this poem, because the words used give the reader a detailed understanding of what the poet is trying to say. The words also create the imagery of the poem, and set up the meaning of the symbols used throughout. For example the whole first stanza is surrounded by words that are related to drinking wine, such as drink, cup, wine, thirst, and nectar.The words make it easy for the reader to determine that he is comparing the love he has for Celia to drinking wine, and the nectar of Jove’s. Her love is intoxicating, and worth more than anything to him. In the second stanza, the word choice I noticed was more important. The words late, rosy wreath, honouring, withered, breath, grows, smell, and swear, to me all had in depth meaning. For example late lead me to believe he had made a mistake. Rosy wreath suggested eternal love, and an apology. Honouring took on the meaning of having. Withered reminded me of dyeing, and lost love.Breath implied her presence, and disapproval. Grows, tells the reader that his love for her has only gotten stronger. Smell implies a sense of lingering, as if her essence is still all around him. Swear implies a promise to oneself, and he promises to always love her. The tone of the poem I described as dreamy, optimistic, persistent, and gullibly innocent. I think this tone is important in getting the poets mood across to the reader. The rhythm of the poem contributes to the tone because it is smooth and pensive. The poem is read in a smooth whimsical way, and slightly imploring.I thought it was dreamy because of the flowery language used, and the whimsical way it read through. Optimistic because he is hopeful that Celia still loves him, persistent, because he goes into length describing his love, and gullibly innocent, because even though it is clear Celia wants nothing to do with him anymore, he still holds onto the love he has for her. The symbols I thought were interesting, and really led me to discovering an underlying meaning to this poem. Examples of the symbol used in this poem are the eyes, Jove’s Nectar, the rosy wreath, and Celia’s breath.When the poet opens with mentioning thine eyes, it symbolizes that they are close, and he knows what she is feeling without her speaking. The eyes create intimacy in the poem. Jove’s Nectar symbolizes immortality, and his love. His love will never die for her. The rosy wreath symbolizes eternity, on how he will love her forever, and also I believe the wreath serves as a symbol for the apology he is giving her. Celia’s breath symbolizes her release from him. She does not take him in, but exhales. This symbolizes her rejecting him.I think these symbols were very influential in the way I interpreted this poem. In conclusion, I really enjoyed this poem, and digging into its underlying meaning. At first I found the language very hard to follow, and read it so many times I now have it memorized. I researched other people’s thoughts online, and realized that I had taken a different perspective on the poem compared to other reviews. I always find it interesting to see how differently people think, and how the meanings of these poems take life in the individual depending on their own experiences. How to cite Mm Litteruture, Papers

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Economics of Workplace Flexibility Free Sample †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Economics of Workplace Flexibility. Answer: Introduction: The given article provides information related to the issues associated with work life balance in order to understand the effect of person-organisation fit on the outcomes of individuals. This is considered as a new approach for the purpose of investigation of interactive cognitive mechaniusms related to person-organisation fit in order to find its influence on work-life balance. Person organisation fit refers to the existence of the compatibility between individual and organization. This can be achieved when both organization and individuals share some fundamental characteristics. The article mainly focuses on provision of achieving a good balance between work and personal life by individuals (Seong 2016). This article only focuses on work life balance and establishment of a fit between person and organization. This article only consider the influence of person- organization fit on different domains of life of a person. The other assumption is that readers of the article get knowledge or information regarding the factors that influence work-life balance and helps in establishing a fit between person and organizational needs. In addition to this, the other limitation is that the readers will get the knowledge regarding the relationship that exists between work-life balance and person-organization fit. Besides this, the other assumption is that it also examines the three way interaction among self efficacy, perceptions of family supportive organizations and person organisation fit for the purpose of prediction of the work-life balance (Chick, 2004). The researcher has used mixed method of data collection i.e. a combination of primary and secondary sources of information. There is a use of survey through questionnaire method to collect the data from 1500 employees of a manufacturing firm in Korea. Afterwards, the sample of 765 employees has been chosen from 1500 employees as many of the participants have not responded to the questionnaire. Besides this, the information is also collected related to different aspects of the research topic from the available published sources such as journal articles or prior research works in order to create the background of the research study (Seong 2016). It is found out in the article that there is a presence of significant relationship between work-life balance and person-organisation fit. Besides this, it is also found out that there is an existence of strong relationship between person-organisation fit and work-life balance when there is a presence of high self efficacy as compared to when self efficacy is low. Along with this, when the perceptions of family supported organizations is low then there is a presence of strong relationship between person-organization fit and self efficacy. In addition to this, it is also found out that presence of person-organization fit help employees to manage trheir family issues in an effective manner (Seong 2016). There are different ideas that are discussed in the article which relates to the concepts discuss in the management subject such as work-life balance, self efficacy and person-organization fit. Work- life balance refers to the activities performed by the professionals to maintain a balance between their professional and personal life. Nowadays, companies provide different facilities such as flexible working hours which help employees to maintain a good work-life balance. Besides this, self efficacy is the efficiency of the employees that helps in increasing their productivity in the organization. There is an existence of strong relationship between person-organization fit and self efficacy (Seong 2016). The potential contribution of the given article is that it provides comprehensive information related to different concepts associated with management or organizational theory. Readers of the article get information related to various aspects of human resource management and organizational behavior. This article is helpful for human resource managers as it discusses different factors that influence the performance and productivity of different individuals working in an organization. Existence of strong relationship between work-life balance and person-organization fit facilitates in increasing the productivity of the individuals. When an organization uses family supportive policies in the organization then there is an increase in the productivity of the employees as they can easily make a balance between their work and personal life ((Seong 2016). If the values of employees meet with the outcomes of the organization then it results in increase the job satisfaction of the employees. In addition to this, it also results in an increase in the level of commitment of managers and employees of the organization. This is because it results in building a sense of belongingness among the managers of the organization. In addition to this, execution of the work life balance strategies in the organization facilitates in providing solutions to the problems faced by employees. It also helps in handling the ethical dilemmas of the members of the organization (Walden University, 2007). Besides this, it also helps in reducing the negative impact on the employees related to the disturbances created by the business environment. It help employees to use their judgement abilities for the purpose of solving the problems faced by them. Nowadays, organizations focus on involving employees in the decision making process which helps in increasing their self esteem in the organization. This motivates them to achieve the common goal of the organization effectively and efficiently (Klpping, 2012). Managers in order to reduce the negative impact of ethical delimmas can execute and adopt new changes in the processes and procedures so that the mistakes and fraudulent activities carried out by the employees. Provision of flexible working hours to employees helps them to maintain a good balance between their work and family life. This has resulted in increasing their satisfaction level and improving their productivity and performance (Flechl, 2010). The five terms that are used to search peer reviewed journal article for the purpose of exploring information related to the theory discussed in the article include importance of work-life balance, relationship between person-organization fit and work-life balance, self efficacy and work-life balance, family supportive organization perceptions, and factors that influence work- life balance (Romer, 2011). In order to reduce the occurrence of the conflict between work and home life, companies are using work life balance initiatives in the organization. This has resulted in the reduction of job dissatisfaction in terms of employee turnover (Smith Gardner, 2007). Direct Quote from second peer reviewed article mentioned in Question 9 Work-life balance has emerged as a major theme during the last two decades, which witnessed a substantial intensification of work caused by economic uncertainty, organisational restructuring, and increase in business competition (Hughes Bozionelos, 2007). References Chick, E.D. 2004. Fundamentals of Work-Life Balance. American Society for Training and Development. Flechl, V. 2010. Work Life Balance - A Comparative Study of Women in Senior Management Positions in Austria, Denmark and Great Britain. GRIN Verlag. Hughes, J. Bozionelos, N. 2007. Work-life balance as source of job dissatisfaction and withdrawal attitudes. Personnel Review 36(1), 145-154. Klpping, L. 2012. Work-Life-Balance. GRIN Verlag. Romer, C. 2011. Work-Life Balance and the Economics of Workplace Flexibility. DIANE Publishing. Seong, J.Y. 2016. Person-organisation fit, family supportive organization perceptions and self efficacy affect work life balance. Social behaviourand personality 44(6), 911-922. Smith, J. Gardner, D. 2007. Factors Affecting Employee Use of Work-Life Balance Initiatives. New Zealand Journal of Psychology 36(1), 3-12. Walden University. 2007. Stratified Roles: The Implications of Work-life Balance on Male Executives. ProQuest.

Friday, November 29, 2019

Marine Corp 14 Leadership Traits Essay Example

Marine Corp 14 Leadership Traits Essay I believe the LT judgment is the ability to weigh the starting, midway, and outcome of any decision and decide which would be best for his junior marines, which way would be able to incorporate the strength of his marines, be open for other suggestions too because there are so many angles that a situation can be looked at and you might miss something when someone might see it, and most of all be able to carry out the mission the most successful way possible. Next is justice, I believe that justice is a good thing to have when it’s not corrupt. Justice is being fair to all is someone messes up they must be held accountable for what they did, and hopefully learn from that mistake and not make it again. No matter the rank, billet, or relationship everyone should be treated the same. After that would be dependability. This is pretty clean cut, if you don’t have a dependable leader how are you supposed to trust him and how is he or she supposed to believe that the marines will follow them into combat and give them their 100% best? You can’t, yeah they might follow orders but they will half ass it and that’s how people get hurt and get killed. We will write a custom essay sample on Marine Corp 14 Leadership Traits specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marine Corp 14 Leadership Traits specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marine Corp 14 Leadership Traits specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Next would be initiative, the drive to do the unsaid orders. Doing what should be done. It’s usually best when it’s done with good judgment. Good initiative and good judgment are the way to success. Next would be decisiveness, a good leader should be able to choose the path that they want for the correct course of action and stick with it. Following that would be tack. Tack is a good way to show that you are mature and know when it’s time for fooling around and when to be serious and how to get your point across with the proper wording and respect. After that would be integrity. Something that I hold dear to myself, I’ve been wronged plenty of times in the past because someone had a lack of integrity this is a big topic for me, if you loss all integrity with me then it’s hard to get it back. I try my best to be honest and keep my integrity no matter the consequence because as we know bad news does not age well with time, it gets worse. Enthusiasm is a great thing as well, no matter how hard things get if you have enthusiasm and a positive attitude you can pretty much over come anything that is thrown at you, and it’s also contagious even if you have to fake it, it will bring up the moral of your arines and they will in turn motivate you so it no longer is a fake motivation it’s a reality. Baring is important in ways. I don’t really have much to say on it because there isn’t much to it and I personally think it’s not something that is dire to have 100% down pat I guess. I mean yes it’s good to be able to have when the time comes but I guess I don’t find it that important. Next would be unselfishness. It’s a great this when you have junior marines, it shows them that you care about them and that you are willing to bend over backwards for them in they are in need. It makes it easy on the junior marines to approach their leader when they should. Courage is a also a great thing to have its like I said in enthusiasm if you show courage to stand up for what is right and what should be done other will follow and you will make a good name for yourself rather than your name be dragged through the dirt for the not so courageous actions. Knowledge is always a good thing to have for any marine not just leaders; knowledge is the strongest weapon and the most reliable. After that is loyalty. Loyalty to the Corp and your marines shows great leadership skills showing that you won’t leave a marine behind. If you are loyal to your marines they will be loyal to you in turn. Finally there is endurance. The drive to never quit, never stop, to keep going and overcome all odds. Everyone can learn and gain from having improved endurance. Those are what a leader is to me and what I believe a good leader has, obviously they can’t have them all and they will have them in their own way which also would work. There are many ways you can approach this and still be a great leader and maybe not have all of them. Every leader is different. But all in all this is what I would like to be when I grow in the ranks I want to be there for my marines, I want them to be able to come to me with their problems and I’ll do my best to help them in their problems and set their mind at ease with so they can focus on the mission at hand which should be the goal of all leaders. This is what I hope to achieve and be able to grow in this way to better myself and the marines below me.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Updating Cookies in JavaScript

Updating Cookies in JavaScript Actually updating a cookie is slightly different from just replacing a cookie in that the new value we want to place in the cookie is dependent in some way on whether the cookie already exists and if so on what it contains. This means that we need to read the existing cookie before we can write a replacement for it. One thing to note is that when we read a cookie we have no way of telling when the existing cookie is due to expire or whether the cookie is restricted to a specific folder or available across the entire domain. You need to set a new retention period when you replace the cookie and need to keep track of what scope you want the cookie to have within your pages so as to apply the same domain or path option each time. The only thing that you are actually able to read when updating rather than just replacing a cookie is the actual value of the data stored in the cookie. In this example, we are going to use a cookie named accesscount to count the number of times that our visitor has accessed our page where no more than seven days has elapsed between visits. Should more than seven days elapse between visits then the cookie will expire and the next visit will restart counting from zero. We are using the allCookies() and writeCookie() functions from the prior examples so the only piece of new code we need in order to actually do the update is in the last two lines. var cookie;allCookies function() {var cr, ck, cv;cr []; if (document.cookie ! ) {ck document.cookie.split(; );for (var ick.length - 1; i 0; i) {cv ck.split();cr[ck[0]]ck[1];}}return cr;};writeCookie function(cname, cvalue, days,opt) {var dt, expires, option;if (days) {dt new Date();dt.setTime(dt.getTime()(days*24*60*60*1000));expires ; expiresdt.toGMTString();} else expires ;if (opt) {if (/ substr(opt,0,1)) option ; pathopt;else option ; domainopt;} else option ;document.cookie cnamecvalueexpiresoption;}cookie allCookies();if (cookie.accesscount ! null) writeCookie(mycookie, cookie.accesscount 1,7);else writeCookie(mycookie, 1,7);

Friday, November 22, 2019

Defensive versus Offensive Realism Research Paper

Defensive versus Offensive Realism - Research Paper Example The main differences between offensive and defensive realism are based on variations on how they see power and how much power is enough. Defensive realism sees power as a means of attaining stability or security, while offensive realism sees power as both means and ends for political stability. Defensive realism says that states only engage in war to defend the security and stability of their power, while offensive realism asserts that states want more power per se because a state ultimately desires to be the hegemon in the system. Furthermore, offensive realism advocates offensive strategies, instead of restraint that defensive realism recommends, because only the strongest state can be secure. In addition, defensive realism asserts that, though the international system offers incentives for increasing power, strong nations should not pursue hegemony. Instead, Kenneth Waltz stressed that states should only strive for an â€Å"appropriate amount of power.† States can also do b alancing of power to preserve security, such as increasing military resources in reaction to another state that does the same. Despite balancing actions, defensive realism insists that states should only desire sufficient power for its security and stability. Offensive realism argues that balancing power is not efficient in gaining or preserving power; states should start or engage in wars to balance power proactively. John Mearsheimer further asserted that states could aspire for regional hegemony and not global hegemony.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Does My Generation Have a Role in America's Future Essay

Does My Generation Have a Role in America's Future - Essay Example I believe that my generation has a role to play in America’s future. My generation has a role to play in America’s future in the sense that it is a generation which continues to engage itself in new technology and innovations which make life easier for millions of Americans. We are a generation which continues to explore the latest technologies – technologies – which make tasks easier and more efficient to undertake (BBC News, 2). These technologies also make tasks faster and less energy consuming. Considering the fact that production lines often take up more of our natural resources on a daily basis, technological innovations which consume less energy and which accomplish tasks efficiently are important novelties in securing a sustainable future. We have a role to play in America’s future because we, more than any other generation, have a greater affinity to these technologies (BBC News, 2-3). We understand its usage more than our older counterpart s, and we are eager to embrace these technologies and their implications in our daily activities. Moreover, we are eager to learn more and explore more of these technologies and to consider where they can take us (BBC News, 2-4). These technological innovations also come in the form of digital technology. I have a role in America’s future because further developments in digital technology will be continuously introduced in our society (van’tHooft, p. 2). This digital technology will be easier for us to utilize because, from our earliest years in the academe, this technology will be used as medium of instruction. Digital technology will become a major part of our life and our primary means of conducting transactions, business, and other activities. The older generation would likely be having a more difficult time adjusting to the use of digital

Monday, November 18, 2019

International and comparative HRM Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International and comparative HRM - Assignment Example As argued by Edwards et al. (2001, p.201), the intricate connection between markets and institutions, and the physical benefits of actors ultimately influence the transfer of HR practices within MNCs. This paper will critically evaluate the manner in which host and home country environments interrelate to yield the forces that eventually influence the transfer of HR practices within British MNCs operating in China. This evaluation will consider the cultural, institutional, and organisational barriers or facilitators while citing examples of specific HR practices that are more likely to be adopted in the Chinese national cultural and institutional context. Within the context of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of nations, businesses have successfully expanded their operations beyond national frontiers thereby leading to the rise of MNCs (Ferner & Quintanilla 1998, p.710). MNCs can simply be understood as corporations that have their headquarters in one state and operations spread out in several other countries as suggested by the word multinational. MNCs are naturally oligopolistic powers that tend to dominate markets while joining forces with other great businesses to gain monopoly. MNCs explore the latest advanced technologies to deliver excellent value products and services across their chains. In most cases, MNCs invest heavily on research and development of new improved technologies for maximum efficiency in chain operations. MNCs have grown significantly in the recent past thereby contributing immensely to the global GDP (Edwards, Marginson & Ferner 2012, p.2). The scope of MNC’s operations has increased further, following the prevalent deregulation of global economies to eliminate barriers to foreign domestic investment. The level of transfer of HRM practices in different types of MNCs varies exceedingly, because they adopt varying strategies to the transfer of HRM practices

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Vodafone group: An analysis

Vodafone group: An analysis Chapter 1 Firms Profile Vodafone Group is a mobile telecommunications company. The company has a significant presence in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia Pacific and the United States. In the United States the groups associated undertaking operates as Verizon Wireless. From a UK start-up company in 1984, Vodafone is now the worlds leading mobile telecommunications company. So Vodafone its a market leader in its current production. Businesses know that consumers position products in relation to those of competitors. There can be a ‘pecking order or ‘product ladder. Products might be market leaders. They are usually the main selling product and decisions on prices and promotion are often followed by other products, known as market followers. (Dave Hall et al, 2006) Vodafone is amongst the major global providers of telecommunication services. The company has a strong presence in Germany, the UK, Italy, Spain and other European countries. Through its direct and partner networks, its global reach extends to more than 38 countries. Vodafone offers a wide range of mobile services such as voice, messaging, data, and roaming services to customers and business enterprises. Vodafone has a strong network infrastructure comprising 2G and 3G networks, which are operated over GSM and GPRS network standards. These networks enable the group provide high speed data services. Legal Type Of Firm Vofadone was formerly known as Racal Strategic Radio Limited and changed its name to Racal Telecommunications Group Limited in 1985. Further, the company changed its name to Racal Telecom Limited in 1988; to Vodafone Group Public Limited Company in 1991; to Vodafone AirTouch Plc in 1999; and subsequently to Vodafone Group Public Limited Company in 2000. Vodafone Group is headquartered in Newbury, the United Kingdom. Source: http://www.scripophily.net/ratepulicoen.html Public limited companies tends to be larger and is the second type of o limited company. This company name ends in plc. There are around 1.2 million registered limited companies in the UK, but only around 1% of them are public limited companies. Shares in public limited companies may be freely bought and sold by the general public on the stock market. Owners of plcs are therefore rarely closely involved with the business. The stock exchange is a market where second hand shares are bought and sold. Operating as a public limited company is associated with both advantages and disadvantages. Advantages: All members have limited liability. Huge amounts of money can be raised from the sale of shares to the public. Production costs may be lower as firms may gain and this leads to ability to expand and benefit from economies of scale which means as the production increases the cost of production per unit decreases. In this case Vodafone will be able to set lower prices than competitors and in this way increase sales revenue and maybe profits. The great size of Vodafone, can often dominate the market and lead to a market leader where the competitor firms will have to follow. Disadvantages: There can be potential management problems in the organization. There may be danger of takeover There may be danger of shares loosing value through fashion and rumour and this to lead to a reduction of the stock market shares. Some public limited companies such as Vodafone are very large indeed. They have millions of shareholders and a wide variety of business interests situated all over the world. So, Vodafone is a multinational company which means that it has production plants in a number of different countries. Type Of Competition Vodafone Group Plc is the worlds leading mobile telecomunications , with a significantpresence in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia pacific and the united states through the companys subsiadiary undertakings, joint ventures, associated undertakings and investments. source: http://www.linkedin.com/companies/vodafone Vodeafone is operating as an oligoply because it a market leader and has its dominant place in the market. Oligopoly is one of the four market structures. At one extreme perfect competition, where there are very many firms competing. Each firm is so small relative to the whole industry that it has no power to influence price. It is a price taker. At the otherxtreme is monopoly where there is just one firm in the industry, and hence no competition , which involves a quite a lot of firms competing and where there is freedom for new firms to enter the industry, and oligopoly which involves only a few firms and where entry of new firms is restricted. So, oligopoly is a market structure where there are few enough firs to enable barriers to be erected against the entry of new firms. Product Design And UCD Failures Vodafone the worlds largest mobile operator, is seeking an experienced freelancer to supportin the design and developmentof its exclusive products and specific Vodafone owned devices for all customer target groups. Vodafones aim is to grow revenue and improve its profit margin by adding value to its products and services, i.e. Earning more from each product sold. The ‘Vodafone Live service enables customers to use picture messaging to download polyphonic ringtones, colourgames, images and information, through an icon driver menu. Vodafone offers a product with many different features provides customers with opportunities to chat, play games, send and receive pictures, change ringtones, receive information and soon view video clips and send video messages. Vodafone and other mobile phone industries use different ways in orderto prolongthe maturity stage of their product life cycle and gain more profits. The cell phone life cycle includes design, manufacture, distribution, use and disposal(or alternatively, refurbishment of recycling components). Chapter 2 Swot Analysis The purpose of Swot Analysis is to conduct a general and quick examination of a business current position so that it can identify preffered and likely directions for the future. Swot analysis involves looking at the internal strengths and weaknesses of a business and the external opportunities and threats. (Dave Hall et al, 2006) Strengths: Diversified geographical portfolio with strong mobile telecommunications operations in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia Pacific and to some extent the US Leading presence in emerging markets such as India Big presence in Japan market Strategig alliances with Apple iPhone Weaknesses: US business not nearly as strong as European/rest of the world operations 80% of its business is generated in Europe Opportunities: Focus on costs reductions improving returns Majority stake in Huthcison Essar in India Research and development of new mobile technologies Focus on developing markets ( Africa, Latin America Threats: Highly competitive market Still lags behind major competitors in the US Extremely high penetration rates in key European markets European Union regulation on cross-border cell phone usage by customers Develpment of VOIP communication Source: http://www.wikiswot.com/SWOT/15_Communication_Services/Vodafone.html Pest-G Analysis Pest -G analysis examines the external environment and the global factors that may affect a business. It can provide a quick and visual representation of the external pressuresfacing a business, and their possible constraints on strategy. It is usually divided into five external influences on a business-political, economic, social, technological and green environment. (Dave Hall et al, 2006) Political This is concerned with how political developments, regionally, rationally and internationally might affect Vodafones strategy. It might include a consideration of legislation, such as consumer laws, regulation, political pressures and the goverments view of certain activities. Economic This might involve the analysis of a variety of economic factors and their effects on business. They might include consumers ativity, their willingness to spend. Economic variables sch as inflation, unemployement, trade growth. Th effects ofchanges in product and labour markets. Social One social issue that affects the operations of Vodafone in a positive way is the increased population in India. So Vodafone operating in a market with high population leads to an increase demand for its products. Technological Businesses operate in a world of rapd tehnological change. Organisation sneed to regularly review the impact of new technologies upon their activities. Production may become out of date and increase costs for the business, communication may become inefficient as ICT develops. Thats why Vodafone is investing in RD which is vital in industries where technological change is rapid. Green Enviromental factors can influence the decisions of Vodafone. Taking into account environmental considerations mayraise costs, but might also generate greater sales. Environmental and social issues are very important for Vodafone. They use the monitoring aspect of the entropy system for international data gathering across their operating companies. This information is fed into their corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and has resulted in significant data qulality improvements. Chapter 3 Global MIS/Risks Vodafone is a multinational company operating in a globalised economy where there is free international trade between different countries. International trade is based on the principle of competitive advantage. This means that businesses that benefit from the international trade are those which can produce their products at the lowest opportunity cost than other countries. According to Peter Jay the ability to produce anywhere in the world, sell your products anywhere in the world and sent your profits anywhere in the world is called globalisation. Vodafone is a very successfull cell phone company, as it is a market leader in the countries that is operating and this it has been achieved by its international competitivness. With international marketing firms have to consider their USP( unic selling point) and their international competitivness in order to increase their global market share. In this effort multinational have to provide greater variety of products better qulity an d at lower price. To improve therefore their USP and improve their international competitivness multinationals should improgve productivity per worker, invest in research and development and experience further economies of scale. (Dave Hall et al, 2006) Vodafone In Ghanaian Mobile Deal Mobile phone firm Vodafone is to expand its presence in Africa which is a less economically developed country by buying a controlling stake in Ghana Telecom for 452 pounds. Rapid uptake in mobile use on the continent has attracted foreign firms. Vodafone is attracted by Ghanas strong economy and political stablity. Ghana is the most attractive markets in Africa. There are currently 2.7 million mobile subscribers executive in Ghana, although overall mobile penetration per head of the population in the west African country reamauins low at 35%. So, as a result of this Vodafone has recently sought to focus on emerging markets with high potential and less established competition, existing more mature mrkets such as Japan. Source: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7487821.stm The Impact Of Vodafone In The Ldcs As we said previously Vodafone is a multinational company that operates mostly in less economically developed countries that are becoming emerging economies because it can be benefit in a number of ways. However, the operation of Vodafone in those countries is acossiated both with advantages and disadvantages. It can increase the employment and in this way it can increase the income per capita. An increase in domestic competition leads to an improvement in the efficiency of local firms and also decrease inflation. It can improve the balance of payment account of the country if products are sold abroad and also the curency of the country in which a multinational operates in, and also it can introduce new technogy, production processes and management stylkes and techniques. Ethical Issues There are some ethical issues that result from the nature of the operation of different multiationals in the ldcs. One ethical issue is the exploitation of workers. There are long working hours, they impose over time and also child and labour prisoners. They might operate in ldcs with lower environmental standards. Usually they have high orked related accidents and the reason is because it is cheaper for them to have lower safety standards. They usually bring their managers ( mddle andhigh level) for ther headworkers and therefore dont give many opportunties to local managers. Because of the size and financial size of such enterprises, there are concerns about the ability of goverments to control them and in this way they may be able to avoid paying operation tax. Conclusion The above project is an analysis of a global multinational company which is operating in different countries and it is a market leader in the products that it provides. The results that came out of this project are connected to the marketing strategies that Vodafone uses in order to promote effectively its products around the world through the an appropriate marketing Mix. I Also saw how different cocial environmental and technological issues benefit the company and which are the threats that may increase costs of vodafone and maybe decrease profits. Finally I analysed the operations of Vodafonesin the less econimically developed countries andin which way it can affect the economy of these countries and the ethical issues that may arrise through such operation. References Dave Hall, Rob Jones, Carlo Raffo (2006), 3rd edition, Business Studies John Sloman , (2006) sixth edition, Economics, Prentice Hall http://www.scripophily.net/ratepulicoen.html http://www.linkedin.com/companies/vodafone http://www.wikiswot.com/SWOT/15_Communication_Services/Vodafone.html http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7487821.stm The rate of increasing prices per year. When inflation is increasing prices increase faster, when inflation decreases prices keep increasing but in a slower rate. Inflation is bad for firms and for the market. Since the products are becoming more expensive, peoples purchasing power is reduced so they buy less.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

The Great Depression :: essays research papers

October 29,1929 was the day when my world got turned upside down. It was dubbed Black Tuesday because that was the day the Stock Market crashed where many people and corporations frantically tried to sell their stocks before the prices fell to the lowest they've been in years. (pg.485) My husband, our two children and I lived in Chicago during the Great Depression. Our economy has severely declined putting millions of men and women out of jobs including my husband. (486) Before the depression his income would total up to several thousand dollars a year but now we are lucky if we even get a quarter of that. The Red Cross has set up soup kitchens and bread lines for the poor. (pg. 491) My husband has spent many hours waiting in lines to receive fresh bread for the family. I refuse to stand there on the streets begging for food, I have to much pride and will not be seen stooping to such levels of the poor. The few food that we do have left over before the depression is canned and saved in the icebox for winter. I used to be able to go out and pay for new clothes for my children but once again that pleasure is stripped from me as I now sit hours a day sewing from scratch. Because material is so hard to come by at a cheap price, I try and gather as many scraps of old or used material as I can so I may sew them together to create a quilt for the family to use at night. With all of these domestic duties to complete at home its hard to find time to look for one of the scarce jobs available. (pg. 493) Although I would receive less money then the men, it would still provide more income to the house budget. Additionally, the odds of a married woman securing a job are slim. Many people believe that married women have no right to work when there are plenty of single men out of their jobs and suffering. Plebeians assume that I have the easier side of the dilemma because they don?t see me standing in the cold asking for food, but the thing is, I?m doing as much if not more than they are! Not only am I budgeting the household income, I?

Monday, November 11, 2019

Eastenders. How does your chosen text attract its audience? Essay

Soap operas attract its audiences in many different ways and use a lot of tactics to keep their viewing going up. Audiences are so important to media because without them, there would be no media. So this is why many different types of media use specialist ways to keep their audiences engaged to help media progress. One of the soaps that has being focused on is Eastenders. Eastenders Is a soap that is shown four times a week on bbc1. It is based in London’s east end. It included a wide range of characters and storylines. One of the soaps intentions is to deal with controversial social issues and Eastenders likes to see itself and as pursuing ‘documentary realism’. It does not have a naturalistic mode and can shift from melodramatic or to sitcom. Eastenders uses a lot of realism within its story lines so that the audience can relate back to the story lines. But it is misleading to see Eastenders as ‘representing real life’ as it does include unrealistic things i.e. characters coming back to life from death. This piece will look at the different way Eastenders attracts it audience on a regular basis. Eastenders doesn’t have just one target audience it has a mass audience which means any gender, race , age, religion and class can watch it as it has many diverse characters with in the soap and different types of target story lines. These story lines can be seen as some audiences maybe relate to the story line and others can be educated by them. Audiences can identify with Eastenders characters in a self image as they include many different image groups such as Goths, suited characters, casual etc†¦ It also includes different ages and storylines to go along with these ages groups like starting school, going to university, retiring so audience that match these storylines can relate to this. Different classes are also used as characters, from grade A (upper class) to grade E ( lowest class) as within the soap its has doctors, lawyers etc†¦ and among that it has unemployed people, students. So it isn’t specifically for one class grade. Families are used as well as usually in soap operas they have 3 or 4 families and in Eastenders most of the characters are part of a family and the family live on the square. Families are a good way to attract as they seem relatively real life as the storylines include arguments, death, wills, new born’s, divorce etc.. and can relate to these storylines and/or help them come to terms with there own family issues. Different classes are also used as characters, from grade A (upper classes) to grade E ( lowest class) as with in the soap its has doctors, lawyers etc†¦ And among that it has unemployed people, students. So it isn’t specifically for one class grade. Many cultures and nationalist are included within the characters so it isn’t just aimed at one certain group of people. The codes and conventions of Eastenders is very important and it keeps the audiences hocked. It is a serialised drama that is on four times a week and runs week-in, week-out, all year round. It features continuous narratives dealing with domestic themes and personal or family relationships and will have Three, four or even five storylines and they will progress during any one episode, with the action switching between them. As one narrative is resolved, another completely different one with different characters will already be underway.. Eastenders also has a well-known theme tune and intro sequence which rarely changes throughout the history of the soap which over the years audiences become more familiar with ( it has been rumoured that pets are even familiar with it!). There is a limit to the number of characters available at any one time on screen but this allows the soap to focus on a smaller number of characters which then allows more time to be spent on each character, so that the audience knows them better and the storylines can be more detailed and involved, as well as being more numerous over time. The plots are open-ended and usually has a multiplicity of which interlinked in an episode ( metanarrative). The storylines in these cases run parallel. But episode will undoubtedly end with a ‘cliff-hanger’, which is a tense and suspenseful, un concluded piece of dialogue or action when But with the ending, it will come to some kind of conclusion as well as a cliff-hanger such as ‘ Billy’s dead’ which concludes that the character is dead but still raises up questions of’ why, when, where etc..’. The location of Eastenders is set around a small, central area ‘Trafalgar square’. And somehow the characters are all connected through either, relationships, arguments or history such as Phill Mitchell used to bully Ian Beal as school over 20 years ago and now you still see his subliminal control over Ian. Eastenders often have special episodes for events in the real world such as Christmas or the Millennium and even just an round up to a storyline such as ‘ who killed Archie (( an hour long special)). Such episodes are often referred to as ‘soap bubbles’. Eastenders and largely British soaps most often feature common, ordinary, working class characters, in contrast to American soaps, which tend to deal with richer, flashier, more fantasy-inspired characters, reflecting the preferences of their respective target audiences. As Eastenders has such a broad range of characters, it has a broad range of representations.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Sleep Apnea essays

Sleep Apnea essays Sleep Apnea is a serious potentially condition that is far more common than generally understood. Sleep Apnea is a sleeping disorder by brief Interruptions of breathing during sleep. There are two types of sleep apnea; central and obstructive. Central sleep apnea, which is less common, occurs when the brain fails to send the appropriate signals to the breathing muscles to initiate respirations. Obstructive sleep apnea is far more common and occurs when air can't flow into or out of the person's nose or mouth although efforts to breathe continue. In a given night, the number of involuntary breathing pauses orapnetic events? may be as high as 20 to 30 or more per hour. These breathing pauses are almost always accompanied by snoring between apnea, although not everyone who snores has this condition. Sleep apnea can also be characterized by choking sensations. The frequent interruptions of deep, restorative sleep often lead to early morning headaches and excessive daytime sleepiness. Early recognition and treatment of sleep apnea is important because it may be associated with irregular heartbeat, heart attacks, and a stroke. Sleep apnea occurs in all age groups and both sexes, but is more common in men. I may underdiagnosed in women and possibly young Americans. It has been estimated that as many as 18 million Americans have this disease, along with excessive daytime sleepiness. People most likely to have or develop sleep apnea include those who snore loudly and those who are overweight, or have high blood pressure, or have some, physical abnormality in the nose, throat, or other parts of the upper airway. Sleep apnea seems to run in some families, suggesting a possible genetic basis. Certain mechanical and structural problems in the airway cause the interruptions in breathing during sleep. In some people, apnea occurs when the throat muscles and tongue relax during sleep and partially block the openi ...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

The eNotes Blog Some Pig, Some Book Charlottes Web Turns60

Some Pig, Some Book Charlottes Web Turns60 How E.B. White loved spiders before the rest of the world fell in love with his. Some childrens books are truly timeless. When you think of their titles, the very smell of their pages seems to seep from your memory, and you find yourself once again feeling those same emotions you felt on the first reading, or indeed  any reading thereafter. Charlottes Web is one of those books. E.B. Whites classic tale has played a pivotal role in many a childs upbringing. In fact, in a Publishers Weekly poll it was ranked as the most popular childrens book ever published. Today marks its sixtieth year in print. The tale is so familiar to so many of us that I hardly feel the need to raise a spoiler alert. All the same, dont read on if you dont yet know the ending The body of the novel may concern a pig, a girl, and a series of barnyard animals to fill the backdrop, but at its heart is a remarkable spider, Charlotte A. Cavatica. Though a spider to many may seem like an unlikely creature to feel empathy for, the author obviously saw differently. Charlottes Web had its beginnings in the Maine farm White ran with his wife Katherine Angell. One October day, White noticed a spiders web in the corner of his barn. He watched as, over a manner of weeks, the spider in it spread her net wider and wider, eventually laying a tiny egg sac at its center. The spider was never to be seen again. When the time came for White to leave Maine for New York (and the farm for his steady job at The New Yorker), he put the sac in an empty candy box, punched some holes in it, and absent-mindedly put the box atop his bedroom bureau in New York. Some weeks later, that precious egg sac began to breathe life. The author watched as tiny eight-legged spiders crawled out of the candy box, through the air holes hed made for them. White was delighted at this affirmation of life and left the hundreds of barn spiderlings alone for the next week or so - to spin webs from his hair brush to his nail scissors to his mirror - until, finally, the cleaning lady complained. Thus also hatched Whites idea for Charlottes Web. Interestingly, his fascination with and emotional attachment to spiders went back further than those first stirrings of the novel in 1949. White once wrote of the arachnids that once you begin watching spiders, you havent time for much else. Even one of his love poems to his new bride concerned a spider. This one he wrote in 1929 is titled Natural History: The spider, dropping down from twig, Unwinds a thread of his devising; A thin, premeditated rig To use in rising. And all the journey down through space, In cool descent, and loyal-hearted, He builds a ladder to the place From which he started. Thus I, gone forth, as spiders do, In spiders web a truth discerning, Attach one silken strand to you For my returning. So White was no novice in making a spider appear beautiful and regal rather than something to be feared. In Charlottes Web, he instilled all of the attributes in Charlotte that made us fall in love with her; she was kind, honest, a truly loyal friend, and of course a great writer, too. It wasnt long before she spun a web around childrens hearts everywhere. And when we cried at Charlottes death, White was right there with us. So great was the authors love for his character that in 1970, when it came time for him to record the audio book, he had a difficult time reading the passage wherein his beloved spider passed. In the end, it took 17 takes for White to get through the following paragraph without his voice cracking or beginning to cry. The fairgrounds were soon deserted. The sheds and buildings were empty and forlorn. The infield was littered with bottles and trash. Nobody of the hundreds of people that had visited the fair knew that a gray spider had played the most important part of all. No one was with her when she died. It wasnt the first time a reader cried over Charlotte, nor will it be the last. Wilbur may have been some pig, but Charlotte was certainly some spider, and Whites story is one very special book.  If those who remember her now have anything to do with it, Charlottes story will be celebrated in another sixty years as one of the most beloved childrens novels of our, or indeed of any time. To hear White read the passage above, head to NPRs Morning Edition story, which includes an interview with Michael Sims, author of the biography  The Story of Charlottes Web. You can also listen to E.B. White read an excerpt of Charlottes Web via an NPR recording at this link. Charlottes Web on : Charlottes Web Study Guide Lesson Plan and QA

Monday, November 4, 2019

Reserve Banking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reserve Banking - Essay Example On the other hand, full-reserve banking is popular as 100% reserve banking which involves alternatives to the fractional reserve banking approach. This way, banks are called to maintain full amount of the depositors funds through a cash basis ready for instantaneous withdrawal on customer’s demand. Funds which are deposited by the customers within the demand deposit accounts and checking accounts are not loaned out because they are legally required to maintain full deposit for satisfaction of potential payment demands (Daly and Farley 65). The proposals of full reserve banking systems do not attach restrictions on deposits which are not payable to the demand on savings accounts or time deposits. The mitigation of risks of bank operates based on larger proportions of the depositors seeking to withdrawal from the deposits given times. The problems are widespread and extreme, systemic crises, the existing governments for most nations oversee and regulate commercial banks. This involves providing deposit insurance and acting as lending platforms for last resort among commercial banks. In different nations, central bank or alternative monetary authority regulates the bank credit creation while imposing capital adequacy ratios and reserve requirements. This limits amounts of money creation while developing the commercial banking system while helping banks have solvency (Daly and Farley 121). It avails enough funds for meeting demand for existing withdrawals. Further, there is a direct limit for money supply for which central banks pursue interest rates and target controls of bank credit issuances. Monetary reforms, which is included within full-reserve banking are proposed within different contexts which are notably established as responses to the Great Depression. No nation across the world is in requirement of full-reserve banking. The era of post-World War II showed minimal

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Manchester United Take Over Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Manchester United Take Over - Case Study Example Acquiring the Man United brand means more than just owning a trademark. Brand acquisition gives an opportunity for brand exploitation. And nowhere is brand exploitation more rampant and unrestrained than in the United States. As a hunting ground to further the Man United brand image, the US holds vast potential, and this is where Glazer's extensive marketing skills and resources come into play. But the US market is very competitive. Soccer has to contest with traditional American sporting pastimes like baseball, American Football and basketball. Soccer's rising popularity though, over the past ten years due in part to the 1994 World Cup held in the states could make Man United a household name as is the case in other countries around the globe. Even in Asia where Man United has a huge base of fans who neither speak English nor know where Britain is, brand image has rooted itself in the public mindset. Contrary to popular perceptions, Man United already has a fan following in the US, albeit a small one. When they played the Champion World Tour of exhibition games two years in a row the average crowd attendance was over 65,000 for each game, exceeding that of some NFL games. Americans know about the club through soccer telecasts and the products available on the streets. Merchandising had also made business there but in a small way, yet better than all the US Major Soccer Leagues put together (Chris Isidore). With more co-coordinated marketing efforts in the media (cable and DTH), wider coverage of soccer games, increased media exposure to star players and a retelling of past glories and successes, the Man United brand can further cement itself into the American collective conscience, reaching iconic status in a few short years. The mere purchase of the club puts the Glazers half way towards making Man United a household name. But there is still some way to go. There are other advantages in associating with a brand as well known as Man United. It gives Glazer's other businesses better commercial prospects. When a brand publicly joins forces with a marketing juggernaut, the value of both, in terms of market exposure and business opportunities multiplies. For Glazer whose diverse business portfolio at least in the US include food service equipment, packaging and supplies, marine protein, broadcasting, health care, real estate, banking, natural gas and oil protection, Internet publications, stocks, government securities and corporate bonds, the introduction and expansion of these businesses in Britain as a result of this acquisition gains importance (Bill Hutchison). Glazer's ventures may unhesitatingly attract investment in the hopes that the new businesses will pay rich dividends in the future. But these ventures may suffer if Man United's brand persistence is challenged by rivals. Sustaining the brand position therefore requires the footbal l team to maintain a high success rate. The business side of the club must take a back seat to allow team management to