The Dispute Regarding African History From African and...

Currently in the XXI century, several researchers are still trying to study and discover more about the history of Africa, which is a huge continent with historical, cultural, linguistic, racial and geographical diversity. However the methods used to discover the history of a continent varies among European or African historians. Such researchers have different ways of seeing what really proves the history of the people, if the best way is by vivid history, archaeological, written or oral records. Due to the different point of view of European nation, that prefer to believe in concrete materials for study like written sources, arises the doubt whether Africa actually had real history is the past and not just after the colonization by them, when the population was ‘’educated’’ in European models and started to make written registration of their history. A further study about Africa can reveal all its cultural and historical richness. Their knowledge about land management, the discovery of agriculture in the Sahara desert 5000b.c, the development of livestock in regions of southern Africa as in Kenya(1). In addition the north of Africa is been considered the oldest region of the earth. Charles Darwin studies about the human evolution and archaeological sources shows that this region was probably the first one where Homo sapiens appeared(1). Detailed studies about African history can brings the knowledge about the development of the north Africa and how the islamism in regions

The International Women s Media Foundation - 1500 Words

COPING SKILLS Due to the interest participants had in participating in sports, they found a way of coping with stereotypes. An example is given by Adams and Pamela (2003) who have postulated that cheerleading gives an opportunity for participants to reconstruct femininity in a way not to challenge the dominant ideas of the roles and expectations. This they did, by adjusting themselves to suit the evolving ideas of what it means to be a woman in the societal or cultural context. Also, there has been an improvement over time with the level of acceptance of gay athletes. For example, unlike in 2002, gay athletes in 2010 had better experiences because youth in their society accepted of their forms of masculinity (Anderson 2011; Adams and†¦show more content†¦In analysing the sports media, feminist have maintained that there is a disproportionate media coverage in the male dominated and controlled media space (Scranton and Flintoff 2002:40) resulting in a negligible amount of air time alloca ted to women sports (Duncan and Cynthia 2002:83). For example, men’s sports received 92% of the air time, women’s sports 5%, and gender neutral topics 3% of media coverage (Duncan 2005). Further, gender was used for both graphic and visual marking of women by the media, attaching women to a team and not doing same for men. For example Women’s Basketball and Basketball Association (WNBA) representing the women’s team and (NBA) Basketball and Basketball Association representing the men’s team (Duncan 2005). GENDER DIFFERNCES AND ITS IMPACT IN SPORTS CHALLENGES Sports policy like other social policies, is a site that on regular bases struggles over resources, status and identity, issues. Policy makers are challenged with how to properly distribute and allocate resources (both physical and granting legitimacy and status), and how to justify to participants interested in the resources that the decisions taken in relation to them are the best ones (Piggin 2013). In terms of emancipation, women’s rights have been viewed from the perspective of equality and also from the viewpoint of differences which often overlap and interact (Bock and James 1992:52).

Mm Litteruture Free Essays

To Celia is a love poem with a simple four line rhyme scheme (abcbabcb), written in first person. The over all tone of the poem is dreamy, optimistic, persistent, and gullibly innocent. The rhythm is smooth, and pensive, and seems to fall into an iambic pentameter. We will write a custom essay sample on Mm Litteruture or any similar topic only for you Order Now The poem gives the reader an intimate sense of this man’s love, and obsession for the woman of his desire, Celia. I interpreted this poem as having a theme of lost love. I imagined that Celia is his ex-lover, he still is in love with her, and wants her to come back to him.In the first stanza, the strong feelings he has for her are expressed metaphorically by comparing his love to drinking wine, and Jove’s Nectar, an elixir for immortality. He is intoxicated by her, and can’t live without her. In the first line â€Å"Drink to me, only with thine eyes And I will pledge with mine†, he is asking Celia to look at him with her eyes, and tell him she still loves him, he will in turn promise himself to her. â€Å"Or leave a kiss but in the cup And I’ll not look for wine† meaning If that is too much to ask, at least show him in some way that she still cares for him, and that will as least satisfy him. The thirst that from the soul doth rise Doth ask a drink divine†, the desire and love he has for her is burning deep inside of him, and he needs her. â€Å"But might I of Jove’s nectar sup I would not change for thine†, meaning he cannot live without her. If he were given the gift of immortality, he would not take it just to be with her. A wreath is a symbol of eternity, in the second stanza, he expresses eternal love for her by metaphorically comparing it to the rosy wreath. I believe the wreath also may represent an apology.In the first line of the second stanza, â€Å"I sent thee late a rosy wreath Not so much honoring thee†, I believe he is talking about the mistakes he made. He used the word late, implying that he was too late showing her his eternal love for her, and is now not able to have her, honoring being another word for having. â€Å"As giving it a hope that there It could not withered be†, he is telling her he loves her hoping their love is not lost. â€Å"But thou thereon didst only breath And sent’st it back to me†, she doesn’t want to listen to him anymore, takes a deep breath or sigh, and does not accept his apology. Since, when it grows and smells, I swear, Not of itself but thee†, No matter what happens, I will always love you, and a piece of you will always be with me. Some techniques used in this poem are Alliteration, the use of metaphors, personification, irony, hyperbole, and possibly allegory. Alliteration can be identified in this poem by the words that are stressed such as (highlighted in green above) in the first stanza, stresses are placed on Drink, cup, kiss, and divine. Metaphors were used to describe his love for Celia, such as drinking the wine, the elixir of eternal life, and the rosy wreath. Personification is used in personifying Celia’s eyes, as if they could speak, and the thirst takes on a human quality of rising, and asking for a drink. I thought irony was present when Celia sent the wreath back, or denied his apology. The man disregarded this action, and continued with his protest of love for her. I think hyperbole was used a lot in this poem. For example the entire poem seems to be a hyperbole. It is extremely exaggerated, and in particular, the lines â€Å"But might I of Jove’s nectar sup I would not change for thine†, and â€Å"Since, when it grows and smells, I swear, Not of itself but thee. The images are unrealistic, and cannot be taken literally. I thought allegory can be identified in this poem, because if you read through the poem once, you may just interpret a man courting a woman, and the woman literally returning his gift to him, not acknowledging him. However I felt that these two people were at once very close. They loved each other, and the man did something that caused them to break up. He still is madly in love with her, and would do anything to get her back. He apologizes to her, but it is not enough.The literal meaning is obvious, but the symbolic meaning of the poets word choices lead to my interpretation. I believe three main important concepts that influence the entire poems message would be word choice, tone, and symbols. Word choice is important in this poem, because the words used give the reader a detailed understanding of what the poet is trying to say. The words also create the imagery of the poem, and set up the meaning of the symbols used throughout. For example the whole first stanza is surrounded by words that are related to drinking wine, such as drink, cup, wine, thirst, and nectar.The words make it easy for the reader to determine that he is comparing the love he has for Celia to drinking wine, and the nectar of Jove’s. Her love is intoxicating, and worth more than anything to him. In the second stanza, the word choice I noticed was more important. The words late, rosy wreath, honouring, withered, breath, grows, smell, and swear, to me all had in depth meaning. For example late lead me to believe he had made a mistake. Rosy wreath suggested eternal love, and an apology. Honouring took on the meaning of having. Withered reminded me of dyeing, and lost love.Breath implied her presence, and disapproval. Grows, tells the reader that his love for her has only gotten stronger. Smell implies a sense of lingering, as if her essence is still all around him. Swear implies a promise to oneself, and he promises to always love her. The tone of the poem I described as dreamy, optimistic, persistent, and gullibly innocent. I think this tone is important in getting the poets mood across to the reader. The rhythm of the poem contributes to the tone because it is smooth and pensive. The poem is read in a smooth whimsical way, and slightly imploring.I thought it was dreamy because of the flowery language used, and the whimsical way it read through. Optimistic because he is hopeful that Celia still loves him, persistent, because he goes into length describing his love, and gullibly innocent, because even though it is clear Celia wants nothing to do with him anymore, he still holds onto the love he has for her. The symbols I thought were interesting, and really led me to discovering an underlying meaning to this poem. Examples of the symbol used in this poem are the eyes, Jove’s Nectar, the rosy wreath, and Celia’s breath.When the poet opens with mentioning thine eyes, it symbolizes that they are close, and he knows what she is feeling without her speaking. The eyes create intimacy in the poem. Jove’s Nectar symbolizes immortality, and his love. His love will never die for her. The rosy wreath symbolizes eternity, on how he will love her forever, and also I believe the wreath serves as a symbol for the apology he is giving her. Celia’s breath symbolizes her release from him. She does not take him in, but exhales. This symbolizes her rejecting him.I think these symbols were very influential in the way I interpreted this poem. In conclusion, I really enjoyed this poem, and digging into its underlying meaning. At first I found the language very hard to follow, and read it so many times I now have it memorized. I researched other people’s thoughts online, and realized that I had taken a different perspective on the poem compared to other reviews. I always find it interesting to see how differently people think, and how the meanings of these poems take life in the individual depending on their own experiences. How to cite Mm Litteruture, Papers

Economics of Workplace Flexibility Free Sample †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Economics of Workplace Flexibility. Answer: Introduction: The given article provides information related to the issues associated with work life balance in order to understand the effect of person-organisation fit on the outcomes of individuals. This is considered as a new approach for the purpose of investigation of interactive cognitive mechaniusms related to person-organisation fit in order to find its influence on work-life balance. Person organisation fit refers to the existence of the compatibility between individual and organization. This can be achieved when both organization and individuals share some fundamental characteristics. The article mainly focuses on provision of achieving a good balance between work and personal life by individuals (Seong 2016). This article only focuses on work life balance and establishment of a fit between person and organization. This article only consider the influence of person- organization fit on different domains of life of a person. The other assumption is that readers of the article get knowledge or information regarding the factors that influence work-life balance and helps in establishing a fit between person and organizational needs. In addition to this, the other limitation is that the readers will get the knowledge regarding the relationship that exists between work-life balance and person-organization fit. Besides this, the other assumption is that it also examines the three way interaction among self efficacy, perceptions of family supportive organizations and person organisation fit for the purpose of prediction of the work-life balance (Chick, 2004). The researcher has used mixed method of data collection i.e. a combination of primary and secondary sources of information. There is a use of survey through questionnaire method to collect the data from 1500 employees of a manufacturing firm in Korea. Afterwards, the sample of 765 employees has been chosen from 1500 employees as many of the participants have not responded to the questionnaire. Besides this, the information is also collected related to different aspects of the research topic from the available published sources such as journal articles or prior research works in order to create the background of the research study (Seong 2016). It is found out in the article that there is a presence of significant relationship between work-life balance and person-organisation fit. Besides this, it is also found out that there is an existence of strong relationship between person-organisation fit and work-life balance when there is a presence of high self efficacy as compared to when self efficacy is low. Along with this, when the perceptions of family supported organizations is low then there is a presence of strong relationship between person-organization fit and self efficacy. In addition to this, it is also found out that presence of person-organization fit help employees to manage trheir family issues in an effective manner (Seong 2016). There are different ideas that are discussed in the article which relates to the concepts discuss in the management subject such as work-life balance, self efficacy and person-organization fit. Work- life balance refers to the activities performed by the professionals to maintain a balance between their professional and personal life. Nowadays, companies provide different facilities such as flexible working hours which help employees to maintain a good work-life balance. Besides this, self efficacy is the efficiency of the employees that helps in increasing their productivity in the organization. There is an existence of strong relationship between person-organization fit and self efficacy (Seong 2016). The potential contribution of the given article is that it provides comprehensive information related to different concepts associated with management or organizational theory. Readers of the article get information related to various aspects of human resource management and organizational behavior. This article is helpful for human resource managers as it discusses different factors that influence the performance and productivity of different individuals working in an organization. Existence of strong relationship between work-life balance and person-organization fit facilitates in increasing the productivity of the individuals. When an organization uses family supportive policies in the organization then there is an increase in the productivity of the employees as they can easily make a balance between their work and personal life ((Seong 2016). If the values of employees meet with the outcomes of the organization then it results in increase the job satisfaction of the employees. In addition to this, it also results in an increase in the level of commitment of managers and employees of the organization. This is because it results in building a sense of belongingness among the managers of the organization. In addition to this, execution of the work life balance strategies in the organization facilitates in providing solutions to the problems faced by employees. It also helps in handling the ethical dilemmas of the members of the organization (Walden University, 2007). Besides this, it also helps in reducing the negative impact on the employees related to the disturbances created by the business environment. It help employees to use their judgement abilities for the purpose of solving the problems faced by them. Nowadays, organizations focus on involving employees in the decision making process which helps in increasing their self esteem in the organization. This motivates them to achieve the common goal of the organization effectively and efficiently (Klpping, 2012). Managers in order to reduce the negative impact of ethical delimmas can execute and adopt new changes in the processes and procedures so that the mistakes and fraudulent activities carried out by the employees. Provision of flexible working hours to employees helps them to maintain a good balance between their work and family life. This has resulted in increasing their satisfaction level and improving their productivity and performance (Flechl, 2010). The five terms that are used to search peer reviewed journal article for the purpose of exploring information related to the theory discussed in the article include importance of work-life balance, relationship between person-organization fit and work-life balance, self efficacy and work-life balance, family supportive organization perceptions, and factors that influence work- life balance (Romer, 2011). In order to reduce the occurrence of the conflict between work and home life, companies are using work life balance initiatives in the organization. This has resulted in the reduction of job dissatisfaction in terms of employee turnover (Smith Gardner, 2007). Direct Quote from second peer reviewed article mentioned in Question 9 Work-life balance has emerged as a major theme during the last two decades, which witnessed a substantial intensification of work caused by economic uncertainty, organisational restructuring, and increase in business competition (Hughes Bozionelos, 2007). References Chick, E.D. 2004. Fundamentals of Work-Life Balance. American Society for Training and Development. Flechl, V. 2010. Work Life Balance - A Comparative Study of Women in Senior Management Positions in Austria, Denmark and Great Britain. GRIN Verlag. Hughes, J. Bozionelos, N. 2007. Work-life balance as source of job dissatisfaction and withdrawal attitudes. Personnel Review 36(1), 145-154. Klpping, L. 2012. Work-Life-Balance. GRIN Verlag. Romer, C. 2011. Work-Life Balance and the Economics of Workplace Flexibility. DIANE Publishing. Seong, J.Y. 2016. Person-organisation fit, family supportive organization perceptions and self efficacy affect work life balance. Social behaviourand personality 44(6), 911-922. Smith, J. Gardner, D. 2007. Factors Affecting Employee Use of Work-Life Balance Initiatives. New Zealand Journal of Psychology 36(1), 3-12. Walden University. 2007. Stratified Roles: The Implications of Work-life Balance on Male Executives. ProQuest.